The Earth Charter - Agenda for Totalitarianism
By Lee Penn
Summary:
The United Religions Initiative supports the push by Maurice Strong and Mikhail
Gorbachev, founders of Green Cross International, for an Earth Charter. Gorbachev views
this proposed Earth Charter as "a kind of Ten Commandments, a 'Sermon on the Mount,'
that provides a guide for human behavior toward the environment in the next century and
beyond." (11) Proponents of the Earth Charter will seek endorsement of the treaty
from those who attend the Parliament of World Religions in December 1999. The Charter is a
far-reaching document, one that would reshape the economy and politics of all nations if
adopted. The "Green Cross Earth Charter Philosophy" - a document from the Earth
Council web site - makes the philosophy and goals of the proposed new treaty clear:
"The protection of the Biosphere, as the Common Interest of Humanity, must not be
subservient to the rules of state sovereignty, demands of the free market or individual
rights." (12)
4,300 words/56 footnotes/11 pages
Conditions of use:
This story is an extract from a book-length manuscript by me titled "False Dawn,
Real Darkness: the Millennial Delusions of the United Religions and the New Age
Movement." You may re-distribute this story by hard copy or electronically, and you
may abridge or quote from this story - IF you give credit to Lee Penn as the author, and
IF you include - in the body or as a footnote - the following statement:
"An abridged version of this information is appearing in the series of articles
titled "The United Religions Initiative: Foundations for a World Religion" (Part
1 and Part 2). The first article was published in the spring of 1999, and the second part
is being published in the fall of 1999 by the Journal of the Spiritual Counterfeits
Project. You may order the complete stories from the Journal, or subscribe to the Journal,
by calling (510) 540-0300, or by writing to the Spiritual Counterfeits Project, Post
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Story:
The agenda of the Earth Charter: velvet glove, iron fist
The "creative minorities" at Gorbachev's State of the World Forum (SWF) urge
us to adopt the Earth Charter. (1068) The reason given is that, as Gorbachev says,
"the balance in relations between man and nature has been upset and the very survival
of mankind is in jeopardy. Indeed, the planet is slowly dying." (1069)
History of the Earth Charter
The Earth Charter is the brainchild of Gorbachev (acting as chairman of Green Cross
International) and Maurice Strong, a wealthy and influential proponent of world
government.(1070) (Ted Turner is involved here, too - as a member of the Green Cross
International board,(1071) and as a recipient of the Green Cross International
"Founder's Award" in 1998.(1072)
Gorbachev and Strong wrote the Charter to rectify what they saw as the excessively
"anthropocentric emphasis" of the Declaration on the Environment produced at the
1992 UN conference in Rio de Janeiro. (1073) Maurice Strong also says, "We must
reinstate in our lives the ethic of love and respect for the Earth which traditional
peoples have retained as central to their value systems." (1074) (Yet again,
Rousseau's Noble Savage makes his appearance.)
Maurice Strong, promoter of "indigenous values"
To put his beliefs into action, Strong and his wife have established the Manitou
Foundation,(1075) providing land in the Crestone, Colorado area to an eclectic mix of
religious groups, including the Crestone Mountain Zen Center, the Spiritual Life Institute
(a Catholic Carmelite monastery), the Haidakhandi Universal Ashram, the Sri Aurobindo
Learning Center, Mangala Shri Bhuti (Tibetan Buddhists), and Karma Thegsum Tashi Gomang (a
planned Tibetan medical institute).(1076) The Strongs have located their spiritual center
in the Colorado mountains because:
"The Strongs learned that since antiquity indigenous peoples had revered this
pristine wilderness as a place for conducting their vision quests and receiving shamanic
trainings. It is prophesied that the world's religious traditions would gather here and
help move the world toward globally conscious co-existence and co-creation."(1077)
The Earth Council and the Fetzer Institute have a worldwide plan to promote
"indigenous cultural and spiritual values" and to incorporate indigenous peoples
into "the UN system":
"Some of the proposed actions to preserve indigenous cultural and spiritual values
are: the promotion and recognition of ancestral knowledge and its incorporation within
national educational programmes; exchange of knowledge among indigenous peoples, elders,
and youth, and among these peoples and other sectors; exchange of practices, such as
sustainable agricultural techniques, traditional medicine, art, and crafts; teachings
about the relationship between spiritual values and traditional knowledge and practices;
promote the understanding of Indigenous Peoples philosophy; various activities,
publications, and programmes directed towards youth; and the broadcasting of videos,
television, and radio programmes about indigenous cultures. These actions, which will be
pursued at local, national, and international levels, are also aimed at ensuring the
participation of Indigenous Peoples in activities related to the programmes of the Earth
Council, and within the context of the UN system."(1078)
Goal of the Earth Charter: "a kind of Ten Commandments"
Gorbachev says of the Earth Charter: "We also need a new international
environmental legal code rooted in an Earth charter - a covenant similar to the United
Nations Declaration on Human Rights. ... My hope is that this charter will be a kind of
Ten Commandments, a 'Sermon on the Mount,' that provides a guide for human behavior toward
the environment in the next century and beyond."(1079) Maurice Strong says the same:
"The real goal of the Earth Charter is that it will in fact become like the Ten
Commandments, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights."(1080) This could mean
that Gorbachev and Strong view themselves as legitimate successors to Moses and - in the
case of Gorbachev - to Jesus.
One of the changes that Gorbachev envisions is world government. At the time he founded
Green Cross, he said:
"The emerging 'environmentalization' of our civilization and the need for vigorous
action in the interest of the entire global community will inevitably have multiple
political consequences. Perhaps the most important of them will be a gradual change in the
status of the United Nations. Inevitably, it must assume some aspects of a world
government."(1081)
Strategy for adoption of the Earth Charter
Gorbachev and Strong hope to gain UN adoption of the Earth Charter in 2002, during the
UN Rio+10 Assembly.(1082) Steven Rockefeller, chairman of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund,
is "currently coordinating the drafting of the Earth Charter for the Earth Charter
Commission and the Earth Council."(1083) The Rockefeller Brothers Fund is supporting
Earth Charter activities in ten Third World countries.(1084) Global Education Associates
and the Temple of Understanding, interfaith organizations that actively support the URI,
also helped to draft the Earth Charter.(1085) The Interfaith Center of New York will seek
endorsement of the Earth Charter at the December 1999 session of the Parliament of World
Religions.(1086) James Parks Morton, of the Interfaith Center of New York, is a board
member of the Earth Charter Project and of Global Green, USA (1086a) - an affiliate of
Gorbachev's Green Cross International. Robert Muller supports adoption of the
Charter.(1087) In April 1999, the URI chapter in Los Angeles sponsored a presentation by
the religion writer of the Los Angeles Times on behalf of the Earth Charter and the
URI.(1088) The YMCA, the Bahá'í International Community, the Soka Gakkai Buddhists, and
the Sierra Club of Canada are also among the organizations supporting the drive for the
Earth Charter.(1089)
Gorbachev describes the strategy that Green Cross will use worldwide - a combination of
pressure on the status quo from below (with mass protests and political activism) and from
above (using policy makers who are friendly to the cause):
"Any change in society is the result of the interaction of changes from above and
from below. Changes from above are effected by leaders, by parliaments, by those who make
decisions and approve laws and rules, who develop and define priorities and adopt budgets.
The second category of changes are those implemented by ordinary citizens, social
movements in the various parties, philosophers, by all who accept and develop new ideas,
by those who protest and those who defend their dreams, their visions. These changes are
not always visible, but through interaction of human beings, through personal contacts and
direct influence they transform the spiritual climate. The two lines of change are
interrelated. They reinforce each other. The ideas coming from the bottom up must be
accepted by the authorities above, but the decisions taken above cannot succeed without
support from below. If from this standpoint you look at the ecological situation it
becomes apparent that many things must happen along both of those lines of change and
particularly in terms of their interaction. Helping to bring about this interaction is
what Green Cross International is going to do."(1090)
The Charter is being circulated worldwide, "with the goal of enlisting wide
support for the document and its principles in civil society, religious communities, and
national councils of sustainable development. Special efforts will be made to promote the
adoption of Earth Charter values in all sectors of society and to integrate Earth Charter
values into educational programs."(1091) They will also seek to influence "the
teachings of formal and non formal educational institutions and of spiritual and religious
groups," and to redirect "popular culture by mobilizing public opinion for
sustainable development through mass media."(1092) Charter planners intend to
"translate the Earth Charter principles" into codes of conduct for doctors,
lawyers, engineers, and financial managers.(1093) They are also planning national
campaigns:
* "To translate the Earth Charter principles into values' [sic] curriculum and
training pedagogy of both formal and informal educational institutions such as schools,
scouting movement, formation groups, etc. * To make the Earth Charter principles part of
the teachings and instructions of religious and spiritual groups."(1094)
>From school to church to work - the Earth Charter planners want to teach everybody
the new Ten Commandments.
The writers of the Charter intend to create "soft law," establishing
internationally accepted principles that will serve as the basis of future national and
international legislation. The Charter will be, in the words of the Earth Council:
"a declaration of principles that can serve as a 'soft law' document when endorsed
by the UN General Assembly. ... The Earth Charter concentrates on fundamental principles.
It does not seek to set forth the many practical and legal implications of these
principles. It leaves to the IUCN Draft Covenant on Environment and Development and other
hard law treaties to lay out in full the legal principles that should guide state behavior
and interstate relations."(1095)
In addition, the Earth Charter campaign has "a workplan that incorporates four
separate but mutually reinforcing strategic programs." (1096) One of these four
programs is:
"2. Defining a legislative agenda for sustainable development, by ensuring
coherence between international, regional and national agreements, preparing a legislative
framework for national sustainability and promoting implementation of sustainable
development through local authorities."(1097)
Local and international laws must work together. Earth Charter proponents at the
"Center for Respect of Life and Environment" say that local initiatives for
sustainable development:
"are only possible within a strong international framework of 'good globalization'
where UN/WTO-type organizations demand and enforce ecologically sound, socially just,
spiritually-awakening, and humane standards as well as 'free' trade
agreements."(1098)
By design, the Earth Charter will affect the laws and regulations that govern our
lives, from City Hall to Washington DC.
Velvet glove: the Earth Charter's soft socialism
The basis of the Earth Charter is the belief that "Earth, our home, is alive with
a unique community of life" (1099) - the Gaia hypothesis. The Charter states that
"A dramatic rise in population has increased the pressures on ecological systems and
has overburdened social systems." (1100) This is the "Population Bomb"
argument.
The Charter preamble suggests that "We can resolve to balance and harmonize
individual interests with the common good, freedom with responsibility, diversity with
unity, short term objectives with long term goals, economic progress with the flourishing
of ecological systems."(1101) This assumes that the human race is a unitary
"we" that can arrive at a "balance" of these interests that is
acceptable to all. Language contrasting self-interest and the common good is not original;
a founding slogan of the Nazis was "Gemeinnutz vor Eigennutz" - "Common
Good before Personal Gain." (1102) To bring about the desired changes, everyone must
update their beliefs: "The challenges humanity faces can only be met if people
everywhere acquire an awareness of global interdependence, identify themselves with the
larger world, and decide to live with a sense of universal responsibility." (1103)
The Charter writers wish us to "promote the equitable distribution of wealth"
(1104) and to "affirm and promote gender equality as a prerequisite to sustainable
development." (1105) We are to "treat all living beings with compassion and
protect them from cruelty and wanton destruction," (1106) However, there is a caveat
excluding unborn children from compassion for "all living beings" - a call to
"provide universal access to health care that fosters reproductive health and
responsible reproduction." (1107) (For UN officials, "reproductive health"
is a code word for abortion and artificial contraception.) The drafters of the Earth
Charter do wish to "establish and protect the freedom of association and the right to
dissent on matters of environmental, economic, and social policy."(1108)
Iron fist: the "Green Cross Earth Charter Philosophy" blueprint for
totalitarianism
However, another document on the Earth Charter web site, "The Green Cross Earth
Charter Philosophy," takes a much harder line. First comes the call for
"fundamental economic, social and cultural changes":
"7. The current course of development is thus clearly unsustainable. Current
problems cannot be solved by piecemeal measures. More of the same is not enough. Radical
change from the current trajectory is not an option, but an absolute necessity.
Fundamental economic, social and cultural changes that address the root causes of poverty
and environmental degradation are required and they are required now."(1109)
Then comes the call for zero population growth and zero economic growth. The needs of
the world's poor will be met by "reducing material over-consumption by the rich
minority:"
"Principle 6 Stabilization of the World's Population (a) World population must
stabilize. Such a balance can be reached through cooperation: an improvement in living
conditions, quality of life, fairness, education and the eradication of poverty. Principle
7 Zero-Growth of Material Economy (a) Even allowing for rapid technological improvements,
resources are finite. A basic sustainable level of per capita material consumption will
have to be reached in accordance with the Earth's natural resource constraints. This
requires both increasing the material consumption of the people now living in poverty and
reducing material over-consumption by the rich minority." (1110)
Scientific uncertainty about the efficiency, efficacy, and necessity of radical
environmental policies will not be allowed to interfere:
"Principle 12 Precautionary Principle (a) Precaution must be the basic organizing
principle of environmental management. Scientific uncertainty should be used for objective
assessment and not as an excuse for delaying action. Principle 13 Prevention of
Environmental Damage (a) Protection of the environment is most effective when
environmental harm is prevented rather than cured. End-of-pipe solutions are not
sustainable and must be replaced by preventive action which stops problems before they
arise. Prevention ensures a common inheritance for future generations." (1111)
To enforce all this, there must be "global sovereignty" which must not be
"subservient to the rules of state sovereignty, demands of the free market or
individual rights." The new international ruler must have "independence and
power to facilitate agreement between all societal actors:"
"Principle 14 Global Sovereignty (a) The protection of the Biosphere, as the
Common Interest of Humanity, must not be subservient to the rules of state sovereignty,
demands of the free market or individual rights. The idea of Global Sovereignty must be
supported by a shift in values which recognize this Common Interest. Implementation 1. The
creation of an international body for the Sustainability of Human Life on the Earth. This
body must have the independence and power to facilitate agreement between all societal
actors to support the protection of the Biosphere as the Common Interest of
Humanity."(1112)
At the 1995 State of the World Forum, Maurice Strong said regarding the Earth Charter:
"We shouldn't wait until political democracy paves the way. We must act
now."(1113) Then, after the Charter is adopted and implemented - with or without a
democratic process - the new "international body" will not "be subservient
to the rules of state sovereignty, demands of the free market or individual rights."
Such are the principles that Gorbachev and Strong - and their collaborators in the
interfaith movement - would have us adopt as a new covenant with the earth, a new Ten
Commandments.
Can it happen?: Maurice Strong's global influence
Maurice Strong has the position and the influence to make himself heard worldwide.
Strong, Chairman of the Earth Council, is on the board of the World Economic Forum (WEF);
Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the WEF, is a member of the Earth Council.(1114)
The WEF, which meets annually in Davos, Switzerland, describes itself - with good
reason(1115) - as "the most significant global business summit bringing together
close to 2,000 business and political leaders, experts, academics, and members of the
media, to set the global agenda for the coming year." (1116) For example, Bill Gates,
Yasser Arafat, Benjamin Netanyahu, Muhammad Hosni Mubarak (President of Egypt), Donna
Shalala (Secretary of Health and Human Services), Viktor Chernomyrdin (Prime Minister of
Russia), the presidents of Romania, Hungary, and Poland, Kofi Annan (UN Secretary
General), Michael Bon (CEO of France Telecom), John Smith (CEO of General Motors), Peter
Sutherland (Chairman of Goldman-Sachs), Kim Woo-Choong (Chairman of Daewoo Corporation),
and Jürgen Schrempp (Chairman of Daimler-Benz) attended the 1997 session of the World
Economic Forum. (1117) According to Forbes magazine, George Soros is one of the
"regulars" at these meetings.(1118)
Maurice Strong says, "the Earth Council will be playing a role in helping to
orchestrate the environmental and sustainable development input into the Trustee 21
initiative" of the World Economic Forum.1119 The price tag for hearing this
environmental message is high. Companies attending the World Economic Forum must have
annual sales of $1 billion or more, and the per head cost - counting Forum dues, travel
costs, and the like - of attending the Davos Forum "can add up to $30,000 or $40,000
per head." (1120) These are the people whom we are asked to trust with planning our
future, a venture that Strong calls "cooperative globalism." (1121)
Footnotes:
NOTE: Internet document citations are based on research done between September 1997 and
August 1999. Web citations are accurate as of the time the Web page was printed, but some
documents may have been moved to a different Web site since then, or they may have been
removed entirely from the Web.
11 Green Cross International, "Interview," Los Angeles Times, May 8, 1997,
Internet document,
http://www4.gve.ch/gci/GreenCrossFamily/gorby/newspeeches/interviews/laTimes.html, p. 4
12 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter: The Green Cross
Philosophy," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/greencross.htm, p. 5
...
1068 Mahbub ul Haq, Convener, "The Environment: Final Report on the Working
Roundtables," September 30, 1995, Internet document,
http://www.well.com/user/wforum/transcripts/themes/6enviro1.html, p. 2; no longer on the
Net
1069 Green Cross International, "The Hague Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev - the
Hague, 24 May 1993 - Extracts," Internet document,
http://www4.gve.ch/gci/GreenCrossFamily/gorby/hague.html, p. 1
1070 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Historical Overview: II. The Earth Charter
Project, 1994-2000," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/welcome/overview2.htm, p. 1
1071 Green Cross International, "Board of Directors," Internet document,
http://www.globalgreen.org/bios.html, p. 3
1072 Green Cross International, "Green Cross International Millennium
Awards," Internet document, http://www.globalgreen.org/recipient98.html, p. 2
1073 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Historical Overview: I. Historical Background,
1945-1992," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/welcome/overview.htm, p. 2
1074 Maurice Strong, address to government representatives at the 1992 Earth Summit, as
quoted by Patricia and Gerald Mische, "Religion and World Order Program: Rationale
and Context," Global Education Associates, Internet document,
http://www.globaleduc.org/rwocont.htm, p. 4
1075 Manitou Foundation, "Crestone/Baca, Colorado, U.S.A.," Internet
document, http://www.manitou.org/faq.html, p. 1
1076 Manitou Foundation, "Religious Centers and Spiritual Projects," Internet
document, http://www.manitou.org/mf_spiritual_ctrs.html, p. 1
1077 Manitou Institute, "Objectives & History," Internet document,
http://www.maintou.org/mi_obj_hx.html, p. 1
1078 The Earth Council, "Indigenous Peoples, Mother Earth, and Spirituality,"
Internet document, http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/indig/conventi/artieng.htm, pp. 1-2
1079 Green Cross International, "Interview," Los Angeles Times, May 8, 1997,
Internet document,
http://www4.gve.ch/gci/GreenCrossFamily/gorby/newspeeches/interviews/laTimes.html, pp. 3-4
1080 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Interview: Maurice Strong on a 'People's Earth
Charter'," March 5, 1998, Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/welcome/mstrong.htm, p. 3
1081 Green Cross International, "The Founding Speech of Green Cross, by President
Mikhail Gorbachev," Kyoto, Japan, April 20, 1993, Internet document,
http://www4.gve.ch/gci/GreenCrossFamily/gorby/FoundingspeechGorbi.html, p. 7
1082 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Program for the Earth Charter Millennium
Campaign," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/index.htm, p. 3
1083 State of the World Forum, "People," Internet document,
http://www.worldforum98.org/people/letter_R.html, p. 4; The Earth Charter Campaign,
"Program for the Earth Charter Millennium Campaign," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/index.htm, p. 3
1084 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Annex 1 - Millennium Campaign: Mapping of the
Target Countries to be Involved with the Earth Charter by the end of 1999," Internet
document, http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/annex1.htm, p. 1
1085 Bahá'í International Community, photograph of Earth Charter supporters, Internet
document, http://www.onecountry.org/oc84/oc8407cp.html
1086 Earth Charter Campaign, "Earth Charter Bulletin, March 1998 - Religious
Endorsement Sought," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/newsletter/9803/endorse.htm
1086a Interfaith Center of New York, "Bio: The Very Reverend James Parks
Morton," Internet document, http://www.interfaithcenter.org/JPMBio.html, pp. 2, 3
1087 Robert Muller, 2000 Ideas And Dreams For A Better World, Idea 1008, 14 April 1997,
Internet document, http://www.lsw.org/ideas/RMideas.html
1088 April 18, 1999 posting on deja.com, an Internet news group search engine;
"URI in the world," URI Update, no. 5, spring 1999, p. 3
1089 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Annex 2: The International Resource Team,"
Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/annex2.htm, p. 2; The Earth
Charter Campaign, "International Partners," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/consultation/partners/index.htm, p. 1
1090 Green Cross International, "The Hague Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev - the
Hague, 24 May 1993 - Extracts," Internet document,
http://www4.gve.ch/gci/GreenCrossFamily/gorby/hague.html, p. 3
1091 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Historical Overview: II. The Earth Charter
Project, 1994-2000," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/welcome/overview2.htm, p. 2
1092 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Campaign Goal & Focus," Earth Council
Strategy 1997-2000 - 'Making Sustainability Work'," Internet document,
http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/about/strategy/goal_en.htm, p. 1
wee
1093 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Program for the Earth Charter Millennium
Campaign," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/index.htm, p. 4
1094 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Program for the Earth Charter Millennium
Campaign," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/millennium/index.htm, p. 4
1095 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Historical Overview: III. The Earth Charter
Concept," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/welcome/overview3.htm, p. 1
1096 The Earth Council, "Earth Council Interim Report on Activities,"
Internet document, http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/interim.htm, p. 1
1097 The Earth Council, "Earth Council Interim Report on Activities,"
Internet document, http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/interim.htm, p. 2
1098 The Earth Charter Campaign, "Center for Respect of Life and Environment -
CRLE," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/crle.htm, p. 2
1099 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 1
1100 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 1
1101 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 1
1102 German Bundestag Press and Information Centre, Questions on German History: Ideas,
forces, decisions from 1800 to the present, 1984, 2nd ed., "the NSDAP programme of
1920" - photo of original, with accompanying English translation, from photo section
between pp. 304 and 311 (plate VI-214)
1103 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 2
1104 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 4
1105 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 6
1106 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 3
1107 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 4
1108 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter - Benchmark Draft II, April
1999," Internet document, http://www.earthcharter.org/draft/, p. 5
1109 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter: The Green Cross
Philosophy," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/greencross.htm, p. 2
1110 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter: The Green Cross
Philosophy," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/greencross.htm, p. 3
1111 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter: The Green Cross
Philosophy," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/greencross.htm, pp. 4-5
1112 The Earth Charter Campaign, "The Earth Charter: The Green Cross
Philosophy," Internet document,
http://www.earthcharter.org/report/special/greencross.htm, p. 5
1113 Anita Coolidge, "Ecology: The ultimate democracy - A report from the State of
the World Forum," San Diego Earth Times, November 1995, Internet document,
http://www.sdearthtimes.com/et1195/et1195s3.html, p. 3
1114 Pranay Gupte, "Maurice Strong: Reaching out to broad range of constituencies
for millennium," Earth Times News Service; Internet document,
http://www.earthtimes.org/trustees21/trustees21mauricestrongfeb21_98.htm, p. 4
1115 See, for example, The World Economic Forum, "The World Economic Forum's
Timeline," 1996, Internet document, http://www.weforum.org/basic/about/history.htm,
and Tad Szulc, "One of the greatest shows on earth," Forbes, December 2, 1996,
pp. 67-79
1116 World Economic Forum, 1997 press release number 5, "Business leaders,
politicians, and opinion makers gather in Davos to set global agenda;" Internet
document, http://www.weforum.org/basic/press/am97/97ampr20.htm, p. 3
1117 World Economic Forum, 1997 press release number 5, "Business leaders,
politicians, and opinion makers gather in Davos to set global agenda;" Internet
document, http://www.weforum.org/basic/press/am97/97ampr20.htm, pp. 1-3
1118 Tad Szulc, "One of the greatest shows on earth," Forbes, December 2,
1996, p. 68
1119 Pranay Gupte, "Maurice Strong: Reaching out to broad range of constituencies
for millennium," Earth Times News Service; Internet document,
http://www.earthtimes.org/trustees21/trustees21mauricestrongfeb21_98.htm, p. 4
1120 Tad Szulc, "One of the greatest shows on earth," Forbes, December 2,
1996, p. 79
1121 Pranay Gupte, "Maurice Strong: Reaching out to broad range of constituencies
for millennium," Earth Times News Service; Internet document,
http://www.earthtimes.org/trustees21/trustees21mauricestrongfeb21_98.htm, p. 2
