The New Age movement in the Episcopal Church
By Lee Penn
Summary:
This story describes New Age activity within the Episcopal Church, emphasizing activity
within Bishop Swing's diocese, the Diocese of California. It covers The Rev. James Parks
Morton and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, the Rev. Matthew Fox and his "Rave
Masses", and the Rev. Lauren Artress and her Labyrinth Project.
Update: Since I wrote the following story, there has been additional news from the
Labyrinth Project (also known as Veriditas), based on the Fall 1999 issue of
"Source," their newsletter. * Canon Alan Jones, the Dean of Grace Cathedral (the
San Francisco cathedral under Episcopal Bishop Swing), will be installed as an
"honorary canon" of Chartres Cathedral in France, on May 14, 2000. This is a
reciprocal gesture, since Francois Legaux, the Rector of Chartres Cathedral, was installed
on June 17, 1999 as an honorary Canon of Grace Cathedral. (pp. 1, 4, 14) * Some rich
people and foundations are supporting the Labyrinth. For example, in Lansing, Michigan,
National City Bank donated $100,000 to set up a Labyrinth in a garden at a local hospital,
and a gift of $125,000 "was received from a community member to name it." (p. 6)
* For the first time in Labyrinth Project literature, they mention the United Religions
Initiative (URI). Of course, the Labyrinth Project is for the URI. The Labyrinth Project
is having a 24-hour retreat at Grace Cathedral from noon on December 31, 1999 through noon
on January 1, 2000, as Grace Cathedral's contribution to the URI 72-hour "Interfaith
Peace Building Project." (p. 7) * The article "Thinking of Creating a
Labyrinth" contains the following: "Objective: To keep the sacred geometry
design intact when building the labyrinth. To employ all the equations of proportion and
utilize all of the components that make up the labyrinth. To create sacred space with the
labyrinth being used as the centerpiece and container for peoples [sic] spiritual
exploration and renewal." (p. 8) "Types of labyrinths: The two most powerful and
established labyrinths are the Seven Circuit labyrinth, also called the Classical
Labyrinth, and the Eleven Circuit Labyrinth from Chartres Cathedral. Each has a long
historical lineage and tradition." (p. 8) "Sacred geometry: Proportion, and
using the geometry that has been handed down, is the key to keeping the integrity of the
design. Use all the components of the labyrinth. Do not make it a "hybrid." (p.
9) * The Labyrinth Project again confirms its New Age origin. On pp. 16-17 of the
newsletter, there is a time-line with the significant events in the history of the
project. The very first item is: "January, 1991: Lauren [Artress, the head of the
Project] walks a labyrinth at a Jean Houston seminar." (p. 16) [The story below
describes the activities and affiliations of Jean Houston.] * An article about a team of
architects and consultants that designs new Labyrinths says, "Because of some of the
bio-energetic fields of some of the proposed products [to be used in new labyrinths], it
is even more important to discuss the placement, and remedies required, in order to offset
the bio-energetic fields of the materials. The principles of geomancy, Feng Shui, and
architectural design will be used to locate the initial labyrinth site." (p. 19)
The Labyrinth Project staff are doing a good job of proving that the Labyrinth walk, as
they practice and teach it, is a New Age devotion, and not an authentic revival of a
medieval Christian practice.
Conditions of use:
This story is an extract from a book-length manuscript by me titled "False Dawn,
Real Darkness: the Millennial Delusions of the United Religions and the New Age
Movement." You may re-distribute this story by hard copy or electronically, and you
may abridge or quote from this story - IF you give credit to Lee Penn as the author, and
IF you include - in the body or as a footnote - the following statement:
"Excerpted from "The United Religions Initiative: Foundations for a World
Religion" (Part 2), to be published in the fall of 1999 by the Journal of the
Spiritual Counterfeits Project. You may order the complete story from the Journal, or
subscribe to the Journal, by calling (510) 540-0300, or by writing to the Spiritual
Counterfeits Project, Post Office Box 4308, Berkeley, CA 94704, or by visiting the SCP web
site, http://www.scp-inc.org/."
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James Parks Morton and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine
Other New Age supporters of the URI include the Very Rev. James Parks Morton, formerly
the Dean of the Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, and now
President of the Temple of Understanding. (570) While at St. John the Divine, Morton said,
"The language of the 'Sacred Earth' has got to become mainline." (571) Morton
acted on this belief by holding a St. Francis Day communion service in 1993 that invoked
the gods Yemanja, Ra, Ausar, and Obatala; the celebrant was Episcopal Bishop of New York
Richard Grein. (572) (Yemanja is an Afro-Brazilian goddess of the sea (573); Ra is the
Egyptian sun god; (574) Ausar - also known as Osiris and the Green Man - is the Egyptian
god of life and death;(575) Obatala is the Voodoo "Father of Wisdom".(576)
Other Sunday masses at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine have included Sufi and
Lakota ceremonies.(577) It was from the pulpit of the Rev. Morton's cathedral in 1979 that
James Lovelock first publicly explained the Gaia theory - that the earth as a whole is a
living, conscious organism.(578) Morton has worked to spread the Green gospel nationwide;
he "co-founded the National Religious Partnership for the Environment, a group that
has reached over 53,000 congregations of every faith across America with the ideas of
sacred ecology and environmental responsibility." (579) He is also a board member of
the Earth Charter Project and of Global Green, USA (580) - an affiliate of Gorbachev's
Green Cross International.
The Episcopal Diocese of California
The attraction of New Age leaders to the URI should not be a surprise, given the
influence of the New Age movement in Bishop Swing's own diocese. This influence has arisen
without any public hindrance from the Bishop of California. On the contrary - Bishop Swing
has fostered these non-Christian tendencies in the Episcopal Church.
Bishop Swing has made Matthew Fox a priest in the Episcopal Church, and has given
consistent moral and financial support to Fox's efforts. The Veriditas Project, a New Age
style revival of the ancient devotional practice of walking in labyrinths, has arisen in
the Bishop's own parish, Grace Cathedral. Bishop Swing chose to extend an invitation to
"new spiritual movements" to join the United Religions Initiative. All of this
indicates that Bishop Swing either does not understand the problems posed by the New Age
movement for the souls of the faithful (and for those outside the Church who are being led
astray by this movement), or that he considers the New Age movement to be a good thing.
This is not to say that the Episcopal Diocese of California and its parishes are
entirely under New Age influence. However, there ought to be no such presence in a Church
professing the Christian Faith. By analogy - a lake needs to be contaminated by only a
small amount of PCBs or dioxin in order to be considered polluted and in need of a
clean-up.
Matthew Fox
Bishop Swing accepted Matthew Fox, formerly a Catholic priest, into the Episcopal
priesthood in 1994. Since then, Bishop Swing has offered unswerving public support to
Matthew Fox, allowing "Rave Masses" to occur at Grace Cathedral(581) and lending
$85,000 of Diocesan funds to help Fox establish the University of Creation
Spirituality.(582) This university now has 260 Doctor of Ministry students.(583)
Each month, more than 1,200 people attend Fox's "Techno Cosmic Mass," held in
a former ballroom in Oakland, California.(584) In an article for a monthly New Age
newspaper, Conscious Life, Elaine Cohen describes the services:
"A team of about 35 people - researchers, electricians, techies, carpenters,
designers, scholars, rappers, rabbis, disc jockeys and theologians of Christian, Buddhist
and Muslim faith - put forth a joint effort to stage one Techno Cosmic Mass. Each Mass has
a thematic focus such as Angels, or the Celtic tradition or Reviving the Sacred Masculine.
For the Return of the Divine Feminine theme, over 700 goddess images from all cultures
were projected on the walls."(585)
Matthew Fox described the Rave Mass that occurred at Grace Cathedral on Reformation
Sunday, October 29, 1994. There was a sun altar and a moon altar, used in a
"Mass" where sin was "renamed:"
"It was like being in a forest, where every direction one turned there was beauty
and something interesting to behold. This included not only the singers, dancers, and
rappers I have referred to already, but also the projections on large video screens, on
television sets, on a huge globe suspended over the beautiful altars (one a sun altar, the
second a crescent moon altar). On the screens were hummingbirds hovering, galaxies
spinning, flowers opening, humans marching, protesting, embracing and polluting (sin was
present and indeed renamed for us at the Mass). Life was there in all its panoply of
forces, good and not so good, human and more than human."(586)
Perhaps it's just as well that Fox did not name or describe the "forces ... more
than human" that attended this service.
Fox incorporates dance into his "masses," the better to stimulate the chakras
of those who attend:
" 'Dancing is [one of] the oldest forms of prayer,' says Fox, 'which you see in
the African, and native American traditions, the Jewish and Christian traditions as well.
Dance gets people into their lower chakras, the direct link with the life force'."
(587)
Fox is not the first to envision worship services that would get people "into
their lower chakras." In his 1932 novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley had prophesied
sensual, high-tech liturgies that go even further than the Rave Mass. As Huxley's
"Solidarity Service" moved to its peak, "a sensation of warmth radiated
thrillingly out from the solar plexus to every extremity of the bodies of those who
listened; tears came into their eyes; their hearts, their bowels seemed to move within
them, as though with an independent life."(588) (Huxley's service in Brave New World,
however, climaxed in a manner that does not occur in Fox's services.)
Fox has said that his theological agenda is to overturn Christian doctrine, as it has
been understood since the first ecumenical Council at Nicaea:
"What is the rediscovery of the Cosmic Christ if not a deconstruction of the
'power Christology' that launched the Christian empire in the Nicean [sic] Council in the
fourth century and an effort to reconnect to the older, biblical tradition, of Christ as
cosmic wisdom present in all beings?"(589)
Bishop Swing was present at Fox's 1994 rave liturgy, and loved it. He said that:
"the Mass reminds him 'of an experience I had as a 9-year old boy in West
Virginia, coming to a sense of God through Nature. That gets so layered over by
generations of study and theology, but this Mass leads one back toward that great awe.'
Swing, who has been bobbing to the techno-music, says it's 'so nice to see the church with
a new song and a new language,"(590) and added "The whole business of having the
Eucharist in the context of Nature, and the planets, and the unfolding of life is a
context that has to happen. This is probably around the time of the genesis of liturgies
like this, and I'm sure that there will be more and more. It's coming ... So we brought a
lot of people in their twenties and thirties who don't go to church, and they were struck
by this. I love it. I think we're on our way."(591)
Fox has influence within the Episcopal Church nationally, as well. One of his lecture
circuit stops was to give a keynote speech at the June 1997 National Conference of the
Episcopal Recovery Ministries at All Saints Parish in Pasadena, California. The speech
"moved from individual recovery to recovery in and of the Church to recovery of the
planet."(592) Fox is also a familiar figure at New Age "holistic"
conferences.
Veriditas and the Labyrinth Project
Grace Cathedral is also home to Veriditas,(593) led by Lauren Artress, an Episcopal
priest and an honorary Canon of the Cathedral. (594) Veriditas is also known as the
Labyrinth Project.
The two labyrinths at Grace Cathedral are copies of the labyrinth that has been at
Chartres Cathedral in France since the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, pilgrims to
Chartres could walk this labyrinth as the culminating point of their journey. Similar
labyrinths also exist at a few other medieval cathedrals in France and Germany. A story
from the Grace Cathedral web site reports:
"Early Christians took a vow to visit the Holy City of Jerusalem at some point in
their lives. During the Middle Ages, as the Crusades made travel to Palestine unsafe,
other means were needed to honor that sacred commitment. Labyrinths were adopted by the
Roman Church to offer the congregation a way of fulfilling their sacred vows. Christians
made their pilgrimages to the cathedral cities of Chartres, Rheims or Amiens, completing
their physical and spiritual journeys in the cathedral labyrinths." (595)
The Chartres labyrinth is normally covered with chairs; it is cleared of obstructions
for special events - such as the Labyrinth Project pilgrimages.(596)
Despite this link to a Christian tradition, the labyrinth walk - as practiced and
promoted by Veriditas - is New Age in origin and spirit. The same story from the Grace
Cathedral web site, written by a supporter of the Labyrinth Project, shows the extensive
non-Christian lineage of religious use of the labyrinth:
"Labyrinths predate Christianity by over a millennium. The most famous labyrinth
from ancient times was the Cretan one, the supposed lair of the mythological Minotaur,
which Theseus slew with the aid of Ariadne and her spool of thread. Turf labyrinths still
exist in England, Germany and Scandinavia, and are thought to be linked with local
feminine deities and fertility rituals." (597)
Veriditas' own literature about the meaning of the labyrinth is virtually free of
specific connections to Christian tradition or practice. For example:
"What is a Labyrinth? The Labyrinth is an archetype, a divine imprint found in
religious traditions in various forms around the world. ... The labyrinth is a mandala
that meets our longing - for a change of heart; for a change of ways in how [sic] we live
together on this fragile island home; and for the energy, vision, and the courage to
become agents of transformation in an age when no less will suffice to meet the challenges
of survival."(598)
Veriditas promotes walking through labyrinths as a transformative spiritual experience,
a way for "all to find healing, self-knowledge and our soul assignments and to
continue weaving the Web of Creation."(599) According to Artress, the Labyrinth is
also "a perfect spiritual tool for helping our global community to order chaos in
ways that take us to the vibrant center of our being. You walk to the center of the
labyrinth and there at the center you meet the Divine." (600)
Veriditas newsletters and advertisements consistently invoke an amorphous form of
spirituality, as if the Incarnation had never happened. For example, a November 1998
article at the Grace Cathedral web site said, "In 1992 the Reverend Lauren Artress
brought the labyrinth to Grace Cathedral in an effort to bring people back to their center
and allow them to experience Spirit for themselves."(601) The name, the Lordship, and
the saving acts of Christ are rarely mentioned by the Labyrinth Project - a radical
difference from widely used Christian walking devotions such as the Stations of the Cross.
This is no accident; the mission of Veriditas is not to promote a specifically Christian
use of the labyrinth as a devotional tool. Instead, as Artress said in the first Veriditas
news letter:
"Veriditas is an interfaith non-profit religious corporation. Its mission is to
propagate the use of labyrinths - from all traditions - around the world and to teach
people its use as a spiritual tool."(602)
Labyrinth Project literature demonstrates that the Project does not provide a Christian
context for this "spiritual tool."(603) The Project calls upon God as
"God," "Living God," Living Light," "the Divine,"
"Divine Mother," Divine Life Force," "Source," and "sacred
feminine." Some of these names are firmly within the Christian tradition, and others
- such as the "Divine Mother" and the "sacred feminine" - are not. The
project's literature assiduously avoids providing the specific Christian content that
anyone could get from the Lord's Prayer, the Apostle's Creed, the Rosary, or the Jesus
Prayer.(604) In the three Labyrinth Project newsletters published in 1998, there is no
mention of the Trinity, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, the Empty Tomb, God the Father,
or God as Lord and King. The Holy Spirit is not named as the Third Person of the Trinity.
The words - and the concepts - of sin, divine judgment, heaven, hell, repentance,
redemption, and salvation are likewise absent. Stories in the Project's newsletters
mentioned Jesus only three times over the course of a year.
Since 1995, Artress has promoted the Labyrinth as a way to make a connection with
"the Divine feminine," "the God within, the goddess." A friendly
reviewer of Artress' Walking A Sacred Path: Rediscovering the Labyrinth as a Spiritual
Tool, a book published in 1995, quotes one of Artress' descriptions of the Labyrinth:
"The labyrinth is a large, complex spiral circle which is an ancient symbol for the
divine mother, the God within, the goddess, the holy in all creation."(605) Artress
led a Labyrinth workshop, "Sacred Circles: A Celebration of Women's
Spirituality," at the Episcopal National Cathedral in July of 1996; one of the
speakers was Jane Holmes Dixon, the Suffragan Bishop of the Diocese of Washington.(606)
(In recent years, Ms. Dixon has made several forced visits to conservative Episcopal
parishes in her diocese that do not recognize the legitimacy of ordaining women as priests
or bishops.) Regarding this workshop, Artress said, "we are doing a wonderful women's
conference called Sacred Circles. It is based on the labyrinth and the sacred walk being
connected to the Divine feminine."(607)
In July of 1999, the Labyrinth Project advertised a "Women's Dream Quest"
workshop called "Dreaming the Abundance of the Divine Mother." (Lauren Artress
and Judith Tripp were the co-founders of the "Women's Dream Quest)."(608) The
announcement states, "In the fullness of summer's bloom, we experience the generosity
of the mother who nourishes her family, her projects, her planet, and herself. We
celebrate the abundance of the Divine Mother and open to receive her blessings."(609)
Other "Women's Dream Quest" workshops held at Grace Cathedral and advertised by
the Labyrinth Project have included "Inviting the Tender Spring to Come,"
"Dreaming the Midsummer's Night Dream," and "Dreaming the Rich Darkness of
Autumn," all held in 1998.(610)
Jean Houston: mother of the Labyrinth at Grace Cathedral
An on-line news story provided by Grace Cathedral states that Artress' "mentor and
teacher" is Jean Houston, "a leading figure in the Human Potential
Movement" and "co-director of the Foundation for Mind Research in Pomona, New
York."(611) Artress first walked the labyrinth "in a workshop at psychologist
Jean Houston's Mystery School" (612) in 1991; from that time onward, "the idea
to place the labyrinth in Grace Cathedral suddenly dominated her life. ... This initial
experience nurtured her spirituality and sent her imagination sparking with the idea of
creating a universal walking ritual open to people from all traditions."(613)
Houston can thus add the Veriditas Project to her long list of accomplishments on
behalf of the New Age movement. Houston claims wide influence, having "worked to
implement cultural growth and social transition in more than 40 countries with
international development agencies, and in Bangladesh and Burma with UNICEF. She consults
to CEOs and leads workshops at companies such as Kraft, Xerox, General Electric, Beatrice
Foods, and others."(614) Over the years, Houston's collaborators and advisers have
included a host of advocates for the post-1965 spiritual upheaval in the US and Western
Europe, including Stanislav Grof, Elaine Pagels, Joseph Campbell, Margaret Mead, Alan
Watts, Moshe Feldenkrais, and Edgar Mitchell.(615)
Houston, like Artress, promotes "spirituality" per se as a good thing.
However, not all spirits are good ones. Opening the door to the "divine mother"
can open the door to worship of pagan goddesses. Dr. Robert Masters, Houston's husband
(616) and a co-founder of her Foundation for Mind Research,(617) provides an example of
this. He describes himself as one who has "devotedly followed the Way of the Goddess
Sekhmet for more than thirty years."(618) The on-line bookstore at Jean Houston's web
site sells two article reprints and one book that offers honor to "Goddess
Sekhmet."(619) Part of Masters' "Invocation of Sekhmet" calls upon this
Egyptian goddess: "Thou art the Terror Before Which fiends tremble! Thou are Lust!
Thou art Life! Ever-Burning ONE!"(620)
Veriditas is also offering "labyrinth seed kits" for $125, plus shipping
costs. It appears to be a Western way to invoke New Age energy, using "equations of
sacred geometry" to build a labyrinth with "the intended balanced, energetic
climate":
"The Veriditas Seed Kit enables groups to make this powerful transformational tool
available for ritual and spiritual discovery. The Seed Kit is designed to assist groups in
creating a portable eleven circuit canvas labyrinth. It contains a series of booklets that
give basic information on the materials you will need to assemble, the steps to take in
making the labyrinth and the necessary equations of sacred geometry you will need to
layout [sic] and make a labyrinth. ... The kit is unique in that it follows the lost
tradition of sacred geometry allowing you to make the labyrinth with the intended
balanced, energetic climate that is created regardless of size."(621)
A Labyrinth devotee describes the results of this spiritual practice for him:
"It has opened my creativity and has aroused my personal senses for feelings and
promoted relationships with others. I have been drawn to the symmetry, brain re-mapping
and energy production possibilities. I have every hope that the labyrinth will do the same
for others who walk this ancient sacred path."(622)
This poor fellow does indeed write as if his brain has been re-mapped. As for
"energy production" - can he give us any evidence of net gain in kilocalories or
joules due to use of the Labyrinth?
Meanwhile, word of the Labyrinth spreads worldwide; as Artress says, "We have been
on the Peter Jennings ABC Evening News, on the front page of the New York Times and even
been taped for the 'Remembering the Spirit' segment for Oprah!"(623) Artress claims
that "over a million people have walked the labyrinth at Grace Cathedral alone, with
hundreds of other sites springing up across the country."(624)
Some Catholics have been drawn into the Labyrinth, as well. Foremost among these is Fr.
François Legaux, Rector of Chartres Cathedral. He first visited the Labyrinth at Grace
Cathedral in May of 1997.(625) After this visit, Fr. Legaux wrote to Lauren Artress that
"I returned to Chartres convinced that I need to open myself more to this labyrinth
way and to offer its use even more."(626) Since then, Fr. Legaux has hosted several
Labyrinth Project pilgrimages to his cathedral.(627) Fr. Legaux was installed as an
Honorary Canon of Grace Cathedral at a "Festive Evensong Service" held on June
17, 1999; he also was one of the three presenters at the "Moments in Time"
labyrinth pilgrimage at Grace Cathedral on the weekend of June 18-20.(628)
In addition, Labyrinth workshops have occurred at these Catholic sites: the Franciscan
Renewal Center in Portland, Oregon (October, 1997(629) and November 1998)(630), the Serra
Retreat Center in Malibu, California (October 1998 (631) and February 1999)(632), the Bons
Secours Retreat Center in Marriotsville, Maryland (March/April 1998(633) and August,
1999)(634), and the Holy Spirit Retreat Center in Encino, California (March 1996)(635). If
the Labyrinth walk at these sites is led as a Christian meditation by Christian
facilitators, this is not a problem. If, however, the Labyrinth walks at these Catholic
facilities are led in the fashion suggested by the Labyrinth Project, then these
facilities are - knowingly or not - helping their guests connect to "the Divine
feminine."(636)
The predecessor to Veriditas was the Quest Program, founded in 1986 by Lauren
Artress.(637) In addition to introducing the Labyrinth to Grace Cathedral, Quest sponsored
other openly New Age events. For example, Quest and the California Institute of Integral
Studies co-sponsored two "celebrations of divine union" in the spring of 1995:
seminars on "The Renaissance of Christian Spirituality: Eros, Ecstasy, &
Creation," and "The Sacred Marriage: Alchemy at the Edge of History."(638)
The teachers of these classes included Barbara Marx Hubbard and Rosemary Ruether, among
others. The ad appeared on the back cover of Creation Spirituality magazine, whose
editor-in-chief was Matthew Fox.
A common funding source for Episcopalian, New Age antics
There's at least one common source of funding for these Episcopalian, New Age antics.
Laurance S. Rockefeller and his Fund for the Enhancement of the Human Spirit have funded
Matthew Fox,(639) the Quest Program,(640) Grace Cathedral,(641) and Barbara Marx Hubbard.
In one book, Marx Hubbard describes Rockefeller as her "beloved patron," (642)
and in another, she says that Rockefeller's "intuition about 'the Christ of the 21st
Century' deeply inspired me."(643) Rockefeller also assisted the Lindisfarne
Association, thus supporting the efforts of James Parks Morton, David Spangler, and other
New Age luminaries.(644)
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Footnotes
NOTE: Internet document citations are based on research done between September 1997 and
August 1999. Web citations are accurate as of the time the Web page was printed, but some
documents may have been moved to a different Web site since then, or they may have been
removed entirely from the Web.
570 Late 1997 letter from the Interfaith Center of New York and the Temple of
Understanding, signed by the Very Rev. James Parks Morton as President of the two groups
571 Alan AtKisson, "The Green Cathedral: An Interview with the Rev. James Parks
Morton," IN CONTEXT # 24, Internet document,
http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC24/Morton.htm, p. 3
572 Terry Mattingly, "Liturgical Dances With Wolves (1993): Ten Years As An
Episcopalian: A Progress Report;" p. 2; he quotes the printed worship booklet for
'Liturgy and Sermon, Earth Mass - Missa Gaia,' distributed on October 3, 1993, at the
Cathedral of St. John the Divine
573 "Yemanja," Internet document,
http://www.wigmag.com/culture/stories-yemanja.html; its name is also spelled
"Yemenja"
574 "Ra," Internet document, http://www.radiant.org/bubastis/deity/ra.html
575 "Asar (Osiris)," Internet document,
http://www.radiant.org/bubastis/deity/asar.html, its name is also spelled Ausar
576 "Obatala," Internet document, http://cultural-expressions.com/ifa/orisha/obatala.htm
577 Trebbe Johnson, "Genesis of a movement: Paul Gorman's quest for a whole-earth
religion," e-Amicus, Spring 1997, Internet document,
http://www.nrdc.org/eamicus/97spr/ge1.html, p. 3
578 Alan AtKisson, "The Green Cathedral: An Interview with the Rev. James Parks
Morton," IN CONTEXT # 24, Internet document,
http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC24/Morton.htm, p. 3
579 Temple of Understanding bulletin, "The First Annual Juliet Hollister
Awards," December 16, 1996, United Nations, New York City
580 Interfaith Center of New York, "Bio: The Very Reverend James Parks
Morton," Internet document, http://www.interfaithcenter.org/JPMBio.html, pp. 2, 3
581 Richard Scheinin and Matthew Fox, "Reinventing Ritual: The Planetary
Mass," Creation Spirituality, Spring 1995, Vol. XI, no. 1, p. 29 ("Press
Release: Multimedia Mass A New Form of Church for Postmodern Era")
582 "ECUSA Diocese Helps Fund 'Creation Spirituality' School," The Christian
Challenge, May 1996, p. 18
583 Elaine Cohen, "Matthew Fox: Techno Cosmic Mass Heralds New Spirituality,"
Conscious Life, July 1999, p. 11
584 Elaine Cohen, "Matthew Fox: Techno Cosmic Mass Heralds New Spirituality,"
Conscious Life, July 1999, p. 11
585 Elaine Cohen, "Matthew Fox: Techno Cosmic Mass Heralds New Spirituality,"
Conscious Life, July 1999, p. 11
586 Richard Scheinin and Matthew Fox, "Reinventing Ritual: The Planetary
Mass," Creation Spirituality, Spring 1995, Vol. XI, no. 1, p. 32 (Matthew Fox,
"Experiencing the First Planetary Mass in America")
587 Elaine Cohen, "Matthew Fox: Techno Cosmic Mass Heralds New Spirituality,"
Conscious Life, July 1999, p. 11
588 Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, 1932, Harper Perennial (1989 ed.), ISBN
0-06-080983-3, p. 83; see the description of the remainder of this liturgy on pp. 78-86
(chapter V, part 2)
589 Matthew Fox, "Creation Spirituality: Here Come the Postmoderns," Creation
Spirituality, Autumn 1995, Vol. XI, no. 3, p. 5
590 Richard Scheinin and Matthew Fox, "Reinventing Ritual: The Planetary
Mass," Creation Spirituality, Spring 1995, Vol. XI, no. 1, p. 28 (Richard Scheinin,
"Multimedia imagery Techno-ambiant [sic] music It's the Planetary Mass")
591 Richard Scheinin and Matthew Fox, "Reinventing Ritual: The Planetary
Mass," Creation Spirituality, Spring 1995, Vol. XI, no. 1, p. 30
("Reactions")
592 William Sibley, "From the Superior," Holy Cross (Newsletter of the Order
of the Holy Cross), Vol. XIX, No. 2, p. 2
593 Lauren Artress, "The Birth of Veriditas," Veriditas, Winter 1996, Vol. 1,
No. 1, p. 1; according to Artress, this word - spelled viriditas in classical Latin -
means "springtime"
594 Lauren Artress, "The Birth of Veriditas," Veriditas, Winter 1996, Vol. 1,
No. 1, p. 1
595 Peter Corbett, "Pathfinders: Walking medieval labyrinths in a modern
world," Internet document,
http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment/features/fea_19981120_txt.shtml, p. 2
596 July 9, 1999 e-mail from Bryan Dunne, reporting on a recent BBC program about the
labyrinth; July 4, 1999 e-mail from Cathy Conwill, who visited Chartres in the fall of
1998
597 Peter Corbett, "Pathfinders: Walking medieval labyrinths in a modern
world," Internet document,
http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment/features/fea_19981120_txt.shtml, p. 2
598 Labyrinth Project, "What Is A Labyrinth," Internet document,
http://www.gracecom.org/veriditas/press/whatlab.shtml, 1996
599 Lauren Artress, "The Launching of the Labyrinth Network: Restoring the Web of
Creation," Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 2, Summer 1996, p. 1
600 Lauren Artress, "Q and A with Lauren," Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 2, Summer
1996, p. 18
601 Peter Corbett, "Pathfinders: Walking medieval labyrinths in a modern
world," Internet document,
http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment/features/fea_19981120_txt.shtml, p. 1
602 Lauren Artress, "The Birth of Veriditas," Veriditas, Winter 1996, Vol. 1,
No. 1, p. 1
603 The analysis in this paragraph is based on a detailed review of these Labyrinth
Project publications: Source, no. 6, Spring 1998; Source, no. 7, Summer 1998; Source, no.
8, Fall 1998, and "Moments in Time," a Veriditas brochure issued in the spring
of 1999
604 "Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the Living God, have mercy on me, a sinner."
605 Lauren Artress, Walking a Sacred Path: Rediscovering the Labyrinth as a Sacred
Tool, Riverhead Books/G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1995; sentence quoted by Pamela Sullivan,
"Book Review," Pacific Church News, June/July 1995, p. 8
606 Advertisement, Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 2, Summer 1996, p. 6; "Spiritual
Perspectives Program: A Look at the 1996 Sacred Circles Conference," Internet
document, http://www.cathedral.org/cathedral/nca/spiritual-perspectives/sacred.html, p. 1
607 Lauren Artress, "Q and A with Lauren," Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 2, Summer
1996, p. 15
608 Veriditas, "Dreaming the Abundance of the Divine Mother," advertisement
in brochure issued in the spring of 1999, p. 3
609 Veriditas, "Dreaming the Abundance of the Divine Mother," advertisement
in brochure issued in the spring of 1999, p. 3
610 Advertisement for "Women's Dream Quest," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring 1998, p. 4
611 Kristen Fairchild, "A Passion for the Possible: An Interview with Jean
Houston," The Spire, Textures 11/04/97, Internet document,
http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment, p. 4
612 "Spiritual Perspectives Program: A Look at the 1996 Sacred Circles
Conference," Internet document,
http://www.cathedral.org/cathedral/nca/spiritual-perspectives/sacred.html, p. 1
613 Lauren Artress, "The Labyrinths of Grace," Grace Online, 07/01/97, the
archives; Internet document, http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment, p. 1
614 "Jean Houston On-Line: CountryLiving's Article," Internet document,
http://www.jeanhouston.org/articles/genius.jean.html, p. 3
615 "Foundation for Mind Research," Internet document,
http://www.jeanhouston.org/foundation.html, pp. 1-2
616 Paula Span, "Spirits Lifted, Not Summoned," Washington Post, June 25,
1996, p. C01; Internet version obtained from http://washingtonpost.com
617 "Foundation for Mind Research," Internet document,
http://www.jeanhouston.org/foundation.html, p. 1
618 Robert Masters, "The Sekhmet Project," Internet document,
http://www.robertmasters.org/sekhmet/sekhmet.mail.html, p. 1
619 Jean Houston and Robert Masters Bookstore, Internet document,
http://www.jeanhouston.org/books/bookstore.html, p. 1
620 Robert Masters, "The Sekhmet Project," Internet document,
http://www.robertmasters.org/sekhmet/sekhmet.mail.html, p. 3
621 "Seed kit," Source (newsletter of the Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring
1998, p. 4
622 "meet Stu," Source (newsletter of the Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring
1998, p. 7
623 Lauren Artress, "Imagine ...", Source (newsletter of the Labyrinth
Project), no. 8, fall 1998, p. 12; for further information about Oprah Winfrey, see Ron
Rhodes, "The 'Oprah Effect'," SCP Journal, Vol. 22:4-23:1, 1999, ISSN 0883-13,
pp. 26-37
624 Grace Cathedral, " 'In the labyrinth,' Artress says, 'the set path takes you
to the center' ..."; Internet document, http://www.gracecathedral.org/enrichment
625 Lauren Artress, "An Honored Guest from Chartres Cathedral," Veriditas,
Vol. II, no. 1, spring 1997, p. 1
626 Chanoine Francois Legaux, Letter to Veriditas, Source (newsletter of the Labyrinth
Project), Vol. II, no. 2, summer 1997, p. 2
627 Advertisement, "Mary and the Birth of the Soul," Source (newsletter of
the Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring 1998, p. 2 and Source, no. 8, fall 1998, p. 13;
also, advertisement, "Let Us Walk With Mary," Source, no. 8, fall 1998, p. 2
628 Advertisement, "Moments in Time," Veriditas, brochure issued in the
spring of 1999, p. 1
629 Advertisement, "Circles of Inspiration," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), Vol. II, no. 2, summer 1997, p. 21
630 Advertisement, "The Theatre of Enlightenment," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring 1998, p. 23
631 Advertisement, "The Theater of Enlightenment," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), no. 7, summer 1998, p. 2
632 Advertisement, "The Theater of Enlightenment," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), no. 8, fall 1998, p. 22
633 Advertisement, "The Theater of Enlightenment," Source (newsletter of the
Labyrinth Project), no. 6, spring 1998, p. 23
634 Source (newsletter of the Labyrinth Project), no. 8, fall 1998, p. 22
635 "Lauren's Travels 1996," Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 1, Winter 1996, p. 6
636 Lauren Artress, "Q and A with Lauren," Veriditas, Vol. 1, no. 2, Summer
1996, p. 15
637 "Experience the Labyrinth," advertisement in The Learning Annex, October
1995, p. 25
638 Back cover ad, Creation Spirituality, Spring 1995, Vol. XI, no. 1
639 Matthew Fox, The Coming of the Cosmic Christ: The Healing of Mother Earth and the
Birth of a Global Renaissance, Harper San Francisco, 1988, ISBN 0-06-062915-0, p. xi
640 Veriditas promotional flyer, "Veriditas invites you to the Theater of
Enlightenment," 1998
641 Donor list, Grace Cathedral Magazine, Spring 1995, p. 9; covers donations made to
the Cathedral capital campaign as of March 1, 1995; Rockefeller donated at least $10,000,
according to this listing.
642 Barbara Marx Hubbard, Conscious Evolution: Awakening the Power of Our Social
Potential, New World Library, Novato, California, 1998, ISBN 1-57731-016-0, p. viii
643 Barbara Marx Hubbard, The Revelation: A Message of Hope for the New Millennium,
Nataraj Publishing, Novato, CA, 1995, ISBN 1-882591-21-6, p. 350
644 The Lindisfarne Association, "History of the Association," Internet
document, http://redwood.pacweb.com/lindisfarne/history.html, p. 1
